User guides

• 1: Organization management
• 1.1: SAP ID Service
• 1.2: Creating an organization
• 2: Cluster management
• 2.1: Cluster onboarding
• 2.2: Remote Cluster Connectivity with OIDC
• 2.3: Cluster offboarding
• 3: Plugin management
• 3.1: Testing a Plugin
• 3.2: Plugin deployment
• 3.3: Managing Plugins for multiple clusters
• 3.4: Plugin Catalog
• 4: Team management
• 4.1: Role-based access control
• 4.2: Team creation

1 - Organization management

This section provides guides for the management your organization in Greenhouse.

1.1 - SAP ID Service

This section provides a step-by-step walkthrough for new users to request an SAP ID Service (IDS) tenant.

NOTE: This document is only available on the SAP-internal documentation page.

1.2 - Creating an organization

Before you begin

This guides describes how to create an organization in Greenhouse.

During phase 1 and 2 of the roadmap Greenhouse is only open to selected early adopters.
Please reach out to the Greenhouse team to register and create your organization via Slack or DL Greenhouse.

Creating an organization

An organization within the Greenhouse cloud operations platform is a separate unit with its own configuration, teams, and resources tailored to their requirements.
These organizations can represent different teams, departments, or projects within an enterprise, and they operate independently within the Greenhouse platform. They allow for the isolation and management of resources and configurations specific to their needs.

While the Greenhouse is build on the idea of a self-service API and automation driven platform, the workflow to onboard an organization to Greenhouse currently involves reaching out to the Greenhouse administrators until the official go-live.
This ensures all pre-requisites are met, the organization is configured correctly and the administrators understand the platform capabilities.

Steps

1. CAM Profile
   A CAM profile is required to configure the administrators of the organization.
   Please include the name of the profile in the message to the Greenhouse team when signing up.

2. SAP ID service
   The authentication for the users belonging to your organization is based on the OpenID Connect (OIDC) standard.
   For SAP, we recommend using a SAP ID service (IDS) tenant.
   Please include the parameters for your tenant in the message to the Greenhouse team when signing up.

   If you don’t have a SAP ID Service tenant yet, please refer to the SAP ID Service section for more information.

3. Greenhouse organization
   A Greenhouse administrator applies the following configuration to the central Greenhouse cluster.
   Bear in mind that the name of the organization is immutable and will be part of all URLs.

   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Namespace
   metadata:
     name: my-organization
   ---
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Secret
   metadata:
     name: oidc-config
     namespace: my-organization
   type: Opaque
   data:
     clientID: ...
     clientSecret: ...
   ---
   apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
   kind: Organization
   metadata:
     name: my-organization
   spec:
     authentication:
       oidc:
         clientIDReference:
           key: clientID
           name: oidc-config
         clientSecretReference:
           key: clientSecret
           name: oidc-config
         issuer: https://...
       scim:
         baseURL: URL to the SCIM server.
         basicAuthUser:
           secret:
             name: Name of the secret in the same namespace.
             key: Key in the secret holding the user value.
         basicAuthPw:
           secret:
             name: Name of the secret in the same namespace.
             key: Key in the secret holding the password value.
     description: My new organization
     displayName: Short name of the organization
     mappedOrgAdminIdPGroup: Name of the group in the IDP that should be mapped to the organization admin role.
   

Setting up Team Membership synchronization with Greenhouse

Team Membership synchronization with Greenhouse requires access to SCIM API.

For the Team Memberships to be created Organization needs to be configured with URL and credentials of the SCIM API. SCIM API is used to get members for teams in the organization based on the IDP groups set for teams.

IDP group for the organization admin team must be set to the mappedOrgAdminIdPGroup field in the Organization configuration. It is required for the synchronization to work. IDP groups for remaining teams in the organization should be set in their respective configurations.

2 - Cluster management

Greenhouse enables organizations to register their Kubernetes clusters within the platform, providing a centralized interface for managing and monitoring these clusters.
Once registered, users can perform tasks related to cluster management, such as deploying applications, scaling resources, and configuring access control, all within the Greenhouse platform.

This section provides guides for the management of Kubernetes clusters within Greenhouse.

2.1 - Cluster onboarding

Content Overview

• Preparation
• Onboard
• After onboarding
• Troubleshooting

This guides describes how to onboard an existing Kubernetes cluster to your Greenhouse organization.
If you don’t have an organization yet please reach out to the Greenhouse administrators.

While all members of an organization can see existing clusters, their management requires org-admin or cluster-admin privileges.

NOTE: The UI is currently in development. For now this guide describes the onboarding workflow via command line.

Preparation

Download the latest greenhousectl binary from here.

Onboarding a Cluster to Greenhouse will require you to authenticate to two different Kubernetes clusters via respective kubeconfig files:

• greenhouse: The cluster your Greenhouse installation is running on. You need organization-admin or cluster-admin privileges.
• bootstrap: The cluster you want to onboard. You need system:masters privileges.

For consistency we will refer to those two clusters by their names from now on.

You need to have the kubeconfig files for both the greenhouse and the bootstrap cluster at hand. The kubeconfig file for the greenhouse cluster can be downloaded via the Greenhouse dashboard:

Organization > Clusters > Access Greenhouse cluster.

Onboard

For accessing the bootstrap cluster, the greenhousectl will expect your default Kubernetes kubeconfig file and context to be set to bootstrap. This can be achieved by passing the --kubeconfig flag or by setting the KUBECONFIG env var.

The location of the kubeconfig file to the greenhouse cluster is passed via the --greenhouse-kubeconfig flag.

greenhousectl cluster bootstrap --kubeconfig=<path/to/bootstrap-kubeconfig-file> --greenhouse-kubeconfig <path/to/greenhouse-kubeconfig-file> --org <greenhouse-organization-name> --cluster-name <name>

Since Greenhouse generates URLs which contain the cluster name, we highly recommend to choose a short cluster name. In particular for Gardener Clusters setting a short name is mandatory, because Gardener has very long cluster names, e.g. garden-greenhouse--monitoring-external.

A typical output when you run the command looks like

2024-02-01T09:34:55.522+0100	INFO	setup	Loaded kubeconfig	{"context": "default", "host": "https://api.greenhouse-qa.eu-nl-1.cloud.sap"}
2024-02-01T09:34:55.523+0100	INFO	setup	Loaded client kubeconfig	{"host": "https://api.monitoring.greenhouse.shoot.canary.k8s-hana.ondemand.com"}
2024-02-01T09:34:56.579+0100	INFO	setup	Bootstraping cluster	{"clusterName": "monitoring", "orgName": "ccloud"}
2024-02-01T09:34:56.639+0100	INFO	setup	created namespace	{"name": "ccloud"}
2024-02-01T09:34:56.696+0100	INFO	setup	created serviceAccount	{"name": "greenhouse"}
2024-02-01T09:34:56.810+0100	INFO	setup	created clusterRoleBinding	{"name": "greenhouse"}
2024-02-01T09:34:57.189+0100	INFO	setup	created clusterSecret	{"name": "monitoring"}
2024-02-01T09:34:58.309+0100	INFO	setup	Bootstraping cluster finished	{"clusterName": "monitoring", "orgName": "ccloud"}

After onboarding

1. List all clusters in your Greenhouse organization:

   kubectl --namespace=<greenhouse-organization-name> get clusters

2. Show the details of a cluster:

   kubectl --namespace=<greenhouse-organization-name> get cluster <name> -o yaml

Example:

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-02-07T10:23:23Z"
  finalizers:
    - greenhouse.sap/cleanup
  generation: 1
  name: monitoring
  namespace: ccloud
  resourceVersion: "282792586"
  uid: 0db6e464-ec36-459e-8a05-4ad668b57f42
spec:
  accessMode: direct
  maxTokenValidity: 72h
status:
  bearerTokenExpirationTimestamp: "2024-02-09T06:28:57Z"
  kubernetesVersion: v1.27.8
  statusConditions:
    conditions:
      - lastTransitionTime: "2024-02-09T06:28:57Z"
        status: "True"
        type: Ready

When the status.kubernetesVersion field shows the correct version of the Kubernetes cluster, the cluster was successfully bootstrapped in Greenhouse. Then status.conditions will contain a Condition with type=Ready and status="true""

In the remote cluster, a new namespace is created and contains some resources managed by Greenhouse. The namespace has the same name as your organization in Greenhouse.

Troubleshooting

If the bootstrapping failed, you can find details about why it failed in the Cluster.statusConditions. More precisely there will be a condition of type=KubeConfigValid which might have hints in the message field. This is also displayed in the UI on the Cluster details view. Reruning the onboarding command with an updated kubeConfig file will fix these issues.

2.2 - Remote Cluster Connectivity with OIDC

Content Overview

• OIDC Overview
• Preparation
• Onboard
• Troubleshooting

This guide describes how to onboard an existing Kubernetes cluster to your Greenhouse Organization with OIDC configuration. If you don’t have a Greenhouse Organization yet, please reach out to the Greenhouse administrators.

While all members of an Organization can see existing Clusters, their management requires org-admin or cluster-admin privileges.

NOTE: The UI is currently in development. For now this guide describes the onboarding workflow via command line.

OIDC Overview

Starting from Kubernetes v1.21, the feature Service Account Issuer Discovery transforms the Kubernetes API server into an OIDC identity provider. This setup facilitates the issuance of tokens, via service accounts to pods, which are recognizable by external services outside the Kubernetes cluster, thereby establishing an authentication pathway between the pod within the cluster and external services including those on Azure, AWS, etc.

Starting from Kubernetes v1.30, Structured Authentication Configuration moved to beta and the feature gate is enabled by default. This feature allows configuring multiple OIDC issuers and passing them as a configuration file to the Kubernetes API server.

More information on Structured Authentication Configuration can be found at https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#using-authentication-configuration

With the combination of Service Account Issuer Discovery and Structured Authentication Configuration, Cluster to Cluster trust can be established.

A remote cluster can add the Greenhouse cluster’s Service Account Issuer as an OIDC issuer in its Structured Authentication Configuration. This allows the Greenhouse cluster to authenticate against said remote cluster, using an in-cluster service account token.

The OIDC Remote Cluster Connectivity is illustrated below -

Preparation

The Greenhouse cluster should expose the /.well-known/openid-configuration over an unauthenticated endpoint to allow remote clusters to fetch the OIDC configuration.

Some cloud providers or managed Kubernetes services might not expose the Service Account Issuer Discovery as an unauthenticated endpoint. In such cases, you can serve this configuration from a different endpoint and set this as the discoveryURL in structured authentication configuration.

Check out https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#using-authentication-configuration for more information.

Configure the OIDC issuer in the Structured Authentication Configuration of the remote cluster.

Example Structured Authentication Configuration file

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: AuthenticationConfiguration
jwt:
  - issuer:
      url: https://<greenhouse-service-account-issuer>
      audiences:
        - greenhouse # audience should be greenhouse
    claimMappings:
      username:
        claim: 'sub' # claim to be used as username
        prefix: 'greenhouse:' # prefix to be added to the username to prevent impersonation (can be any string of your choice)
# additional trusted issuers
#     - issuer:

Add RBAC rules to the remote cluster, authorizing Greenhouse to manage Kubernetes resources.

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: greenhouse-<cluster-name>-oidc-access
subjects:
  - kind: User
    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    name: greenhouse:system:serviceaccount:<your-organization-namespace>:<cluster-name>
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin

The subject kind User name must follow the pattern of <prefix>:system:serviceaccount:<your-organization-namespace>:<cluster-name>.

<prefix> is the prefix used in the Structured Authentication Configuration file for the username claim mapping.

For convenience purposes, the `prefix` is set to `greenhouse:` in the example `Structured Authentication Configuration`
but it can be any string identifier of your choice.

If you use '-' in prefix, for example, `identifier-` then the subject name should be `identifier-system:serviceaccount:<your-organization-namespace>:<cluster-name>`.

Onboard

You can now onboard the remote Cluster to your Greenhouse Organization by applying a Secret in the following format:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  annotations:
    "oidc.greenhouse.sap/api-server-url": "https://<remote-cluster-api-server-url>"
  name: <cluster-name> # ensure the name provided here is the same as the <cluster-name> in the ClusterRoleBinding
  namespace: <organization-namespace>
data:
  ca.crt: <double-encoded-ca.crt> # remote cluster CA certificate base64 encoded
type: greenhouse.sap/oidc # secret type

Mandatory fields:

• the annotation oidc.greenhouse.sap/api-server-url must have a valid URL pointing to the remote cluster’s API server
• the ca.crt field must contain the remote cluster’s CA certificate
• the type of the Secret must be greenhouse.sap/oidc
• the name of the secret must equal the <cluster-name> used in the ClusterRoleBinding Subject

ca.crt is the certificate-authority-data from the kubeconfig file of the remote cluster.

The certificate-authority-data can be extracted from the ConfigMap kube-root-ca.crt. This ConfigMap is present in every Namespace.

If the certificate is extracted from kube-root-ca.crt then it should be base64 encoded twice before adding it to the secret.

example:

$ kubectl get configmap kube-root-ca.crt -n kube-system -o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}' | base64 | base64

If the certificate is extracted from the KubeConfig file then the certificate is already base64 encoded, so the encoding is needed only once.

Apply the Secret to the Organization Namespace to onboard the remote cluster.

$ kubectl apply -f <oidc-secret-file>.yaml

Troubleshooting

If the bootstrapping failed, you can find details about why it failed in the Cluster.status.statusConditions. More precisely there will be a condition of type=KubeConfigValid and type=Ready which contain more information in the message field. This is also displayed in the UI on the Cluster details view.

If there is any error message regarding RBAC then check the ClusterRoleBinding and ensure the subject name is correct

If there is any authentication error then you might see a message similar to the server has asked for the client to provide credentials, in such cases verify the Structured Authentication Configuration and ensure the issuer and audiences are correct.

The API Server logs in the remote cluster will provide more information on the authentication errors.

2.3 - Cluster offboarding

Content Overview

• Pre-requisites
• Schedule Deletion
• Impact
• Immediate Deletion
• Troubleshooting

This guides describes how to off-board an existing Kubernetes cluster in your Greenhouse organization.

While all members of an organization can see existing clusters, their management requires org-admin or cluster-admin privileges.

NOTE: The UI is currently in development. For now this guide describes the onboarding workflow via command line.

Pre-requisites

Offboarding a Cluster in Greenhouse requires authenticating to the greenhouse cluster via kubeconfig file:

• greenhouse: The cluster where Greenhouse installation is running on.
• organization-admin or cluster-admin privileges is needed for deleting a Cluster resource.

Schedule Deletion

By default Cluster resource deletion is blocked by ValidatingWebhookConfiguration in Greenhouse. This is done to prevent accidental deletion of cluster resources.

List the clusters in your Greenhouse organization:

kubectl --namespace=<greenhouse-organization-name> get clusters

A typical output when you run the command looks like

NAME          AGE    ACCESSMODE   READY
mycluster-1   15d    direct       True
mycluster-2   35d    direct       True
mycluster-3   108d   direct       True

Delete a Cluster resource by annotating it with greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster: "true".

Example:

kubectl annotate cluster mycluster-1 greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster=true --namespace=my-org

Once the Cluster resource is annotated, the Cluster will be scheduled for deletion in 48 hours (UTC time). This is reflected in the Cluster resource annotations and in the status conditions.

View the deletion schedule by inspecting the Cluster resource:

kubectl get cluster mycluster-1 --namespace=my-org -o yaml

A typical output when you run the command looks like

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  annotations:
    greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster: "true"
    greenhouse.sap/deletion-schedule: "2025-01-17 11:16:40"
  finalizers:
  - greenhouse.sap/cleanup
  name: mycluster-1
  namespace: my-org
spec:
  accessMode: direct
  kubeConfig:
    maxTokenValidity: 72
status:
  ...
  statusConditions:
    conditions:
    ...
    - lastTransitionTime: "2025-01-15T11:16:40Z"
      message: deletion scheduled at 2025-01-17 11:16:40
      reason: ScheduledDeletion
      status: "False"
      type: Delete

In order to cancel the deletion, you can remove the greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster annotation:

kubectl annotate cluster mycluster-1 greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster- --namespace=my-org

the - at the end of the annotation name is used to remove the annotation.

Impact

When a Cluster resource is scheduled for deletion, all Plugin resources associated with the Cluster resource will skip the reconciliation process.

When the deletion schedule is reached, the Cluster resource will be deleted and all associated resources Plugin resources will be deleted as well.

Immediate Deletion

In order to delete a Cluster resource immediately -

1. annotate the Cluster resource with greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster. (see Schedule Deletion)
2. update the greenhouse.sap/deletion-schedule annotation to the current date and time.

You can also annotate the Cluster resource with greenhouse.sap/delete-cluster and greenhouse.sap/deletion-schedule at the same time and set the current date and time for deletion.

The time and date should be in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format or golang’s time.DateTime format. The time should be in UTC timezone.

Troubleshooting

If the cluster deletion has failed, you can troubleshoot the issue by inspecting -

1. Cluster resource status conditions, specifically the KubeConfigValid condition.
2. status conditions of the Plugin resources associated with the Cluster resource. There will be a clear indication of the issue in HelmReconcileFailed condition.

3 - Plugin management

Plugins extends the capabilities of the Greenhouse cloud operations platform, adding specific features or functionalities to tailor and enhance the platform for specific organizational needs.
These plugins are integral to Greenhouse’ extensibility, allowing users to customize their cloud operations environment and address unique requirements while operating within the Greenhouse ecosystem.

This section provides guides for the management of plugins for Kubernetes clusters within Greenhouse.

3.1 - Testing a Plugin

Overview

Plugin Testing Requirements

All plugins contributed to plugin-extensions repository should include comprehensive Helm Chart Tests using the bats/bats-detik testing framework. This ensures our plugins are robust, deployable, and catch potential issues early in the development cycle.

What is bats/bats-detik?

The bats/bats-detik framework simplifies end-to-end (e2e) Testing in Kubernetes. It combines the Bash Automated Testing System (bats) with Kubernetes-specific assertions (detik). This allows you to write test cases using natural language-like syntax, making your tests easier to read and maintain.

Implementing Tests

1. Create a /tests folder inside your Plugin’s Helm Chart templates folder to store your test resources.

2. ConfigMap definition:

   • Create a test-<plugin-name>-config.yaml file in the templates/tests directory to define a ConfigMap that will hold your test script.
   • This ConfigMap contains the test script run.sh that will be executed by the test Pod to run your tests.

{{- if .Values.testFramework.enabled -}}
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-test
  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
  labels:
    type: integration-test
data:
  run.sh: |-

    #!/usr/bin/env bats

    load "/usr/lib/bats/bats-detik/utils"
    load "/usr/lib/bats/bats-detik/detik"

    DETIK_CLIENT_NAME="kubectl"

    @test "Verify successful deployment and running status of the {{ .Release.Name }}-operator pod" {
        verify "there is 1 deployment named '{{ .Release.Name }}-operator'"
        verify "there is 1 service named '{{ .Release.Name }}-operator'"
        try "at most 2 times every 5s to get pods named '{{ .Release.Name }}-operator' and verify that '.status.phase' is 'running'"
    }

    @test "Verify successful creation and bound status of {{ .Release.Name }} persistent volume claims" {
        try "at most 3 times every 5s to get persistentvolumeclaims named '{{ .Release.Name }}.*' and verify that '.status.phase' is 'Bound'"
    }

    @test "Verify successful creation and available replicas of {{ .Release.Name }} Prometheus resource" {
        try "at most 3 times every 5s to get prometheuses named '{{ .Release.Name }}' and verify that '.status.availableReplicas' is more than '0'"
    }

    @test "Verify creation of required custom resource definitions (CRDs) for {{ .Release.Name }}" {
        verify "there is 1 customresourcedefinition named 'prometheuses'"
        verify "there is 1 customresourcedefinition named 'podmonitors'"
    }
{{- end -}}

Note: You can use this guide for reference when writing your test assertions.

3. Test Pod Definition:

   • Create a test-<plugin-name>.yaml file in the templates/tests directory to define a Pod that will run your tests.
   • This test Pod will mount the ConfigMap created in the previous step and will execute the test script run.sh.

{{- if .Values.testFramework.enabled -}}
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-test
  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
  labels:
    type: integration-test
  annotations:
    "helm.sh/hook": test
    "helm.sh/hook-delete-policy": "before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded"
spec:
  serviceAccountName: {{ .Release.Name }}-test
  containers:
    - name: bats-test
      image: "{{ .Values.testFramework.image.registry}}/{{ .Values.testFramework.image.repository}}:{{ .Values.testFramework.image.tag }}"
      imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.testFramework.image.pullPolicy }}
      command: ["bats", "-t", "/tests/run.sh"]
      volumeMounts:
        - name: tests
          mountPath: /tests
          readOnly: true   volumes:
    - name: tests
      configMap:
        name: {{ .Release.Name }}-test
  restartPolicy: Never
{{- end -}}

4. RBAC Permissions:

• Create the necessary RBAC resources in the templates/tests folder with a dedicated ServiceAccount and role authorisations so that the test Pod can cover test the cases.
• You can use test-permissions.yaml from the kube-monitoring as a reference to configure RBAC permissions for your test Pod.

5. Configure the Test Framework in Plugin’s values.yaml:
   • Add the following configuration to your Plugin’s values.yaml file:

testFramework:
  enabled: true
  image:
    registry: ghcr.io
    repository: cloudoperators/greenhouse-extensions-integration-test
    tag: main
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

6. Running the Tests:

Important: Once you have completed all the steps above, you are ready to run the tests. However, before running the tests, ensure that you perform a fresh Helm installation or upgrade of your Plugin’s Helm release against your test Kubernetes cluster (for example, Minikube or Kind) by executing the following command:

# For a new installation
helm install <Release name> <chart-path>

# For an upgrade
helm upgrade <Release name> <chart-path>

• After the Helm installation or upgrade is successful, run the tests against the same test Kubernetes cluster by executing the following command.

helm test <Release name>

Contribution Checklist

Before submitting a pull request:

• Ensure your Plugin’s Helm Chart includes a /tests directory.
• Verify the presence of test-<plugin-name>.yaml, test-<plugin-name>-config.yaml, and test-permissions.yaml files.
• Test your Plugin thoroughly using helm test <release-name> and confirm that all tests pass against a test Kubernetes cluster.
• Include a brief description of the tests in your pull request.
• Make sure that your Plugin’s Chart Directory and the Plugin’s Upstream Chart Repository are added to this greenhouse-extensions helm test config file. This will ensure that your Plugin’s tests are automatically run in the GitHub Actions workflow when you submit a pull request for this Plugin.
• Note that the dependencies of your Plugin’s helm chart might also have their own tests. If so, ensure that the tests of the dependencies are also passing.

Important Notes

• Test Coverage: Aim for comprehensive test coverage to ensure your Plugin’s reliability.
• Test Isolation: Design tests that don’t interfere with other plugins or production environments.

3.2 - Plugin deployment

Before you begin

This guides describes how to configure and deploy a Greenhouse plugin.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: Plugin
metadata:
  name: kube-monitoring-martin
  namespace: <organization namespace> # same namespace in remote cluster for resources
spec:
  clusterName: <name of the remote cluster > # k get cluster
  disabled: false
  displayName: <any human readable name>
  pluginDefinition: <plugin name> # k get plugin
  optionValues:
    - name: <from the plugin options>
      value: <from the plugin options>
    - ...

Exposed services

Plugins deploying Helm Charts into remote clusters support exposed services.

By adding the following label to a service in helm chart it will become accessible from the central greenhouse system via a service proxy:

greenhouse.sap/expose: "true"

Deploying a Plugin

Create the Plugin resource via the command:

kubectl --namespace=<organization name> create -f plugin.yaml

After deployment

1. Check with kubectl --namespace=<organization name> get plugin has been properly created. When all components of the plugin are successfully created, the plugin should show the state configured.

2. Check in the remote cluster that all plugin resources are created in the organization namespace.

URLs for exposed services

After deploying the plugin to a remote cluster, ExposedServices section in Plugin’s status provides an overview of the Plugins services that are centrally exposed. It maps the exposed URL to the service found in the manifest.

• The URLs for exposed services are created in the following pattern: $https://$cluster--$hash.$organisation.$basedomain. The $hash is computed from service--$namespace.
• When deploying a plugin to the central cluster, the exposed services won’t have their URLs defined, which will be reflected in the Plugin’s Status.

3.3 - Managing Plugins for multiple clusters

Managing Plugins for multiple clusters

This guide describes how to configure and deploy a Greenhouse Plugin with the same configuration into multiple clusters.

The PluginPreset resource is used to create and deploy Plugins with a the identical configuration into multiple clusters. The list of clusters the Plugins will be deployed to is determind by a LabelSelector.

As a result, whenever a cluster, that matches the ClusterSelector is onboarded or offboarded, the Controller for the PluginPresets will take care of the Plugin Lifecycle. This means creating or deleting the Plugin for the respective cluster.

The same validation applies to the PluginPreset as to the Plugin. This includes immutable PluginDefinition and ReleaseNamespace fields, as well as the validation of the OptionValues against the PluginDefinition.

In case the PluginPreset is updated all of the Plugin instances that are managed by the PluginPreset will be updated as well. Each Plugin instance that is created from a PluginPreset has a label greenhouse.sap/pluginpreset: <PluginPreset name>. Also the name of the Plugin follows the scheme <PluginPreset name>-<cluster name>.

Changes that are done directly on a Plugin which was created from a PluginPreset will be overwritten immediately by the PluginPreset Controller. All changes must be performed on the PluginPreset itself. If a Plugin already existed with the same name as the PluginPreset would create, this Plugin will be ignored in following reconciliations.

A PluginPreset with the annotation greenhouse.sap/prevent-deletion may not be deleted. This is to prevent the accidental deletion of a PluginPreset including the managed Plugins and their deployed Helm releases. Only after removing the annotation it is possible to delete a PluginPreset.

Example PluginPreset

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: PluginPreset
metadata:
  name: kube-monitoring-preset
  namespace: <organization namespace>
spec:
  plugin: # this embeds the PluginSpec
    displayName: <any human readable name>
    pluginDefinition: <PluginDefinition name> # k get plugindefinition
    releaseNamespace: <namespace> # namespace where the plugin is deployed to on the remote cluster. Will be created if not exists
    optionValues:
      - name: <from the PluginDefinition options>
        value: <from the PluginDefinition options>
      - ..
  clusterSelector: # LabelSelector for the clusters the Plugin should be deployed to
    matchLabels:
      <label-key>: <label-value>
  clusterOptionOverrides: # allows you to override specific options in a given cluster
    - clusterName: <cluster name where we want to override values>
      overrides:
        - name: <option name to override>
          value: <new value>
        - ..
    - ..

3.4 - Plugin Catalog

Before you begin

This guides describes how to explore the catalog of Greenhouse PluginDefinitions.

While all members of an organization can see the Plugin catalog, enabling, disabling and configuration PluginDefinitions for an organization requires organization admin privileges.

Exploring the PluginDefinition catalog

The PluginDefinition resource describes the backend and frontend components as well as mandatory configuration options of a Greenhouse extension.
While the PluginDefinition catalog is managed by the Greenhouse administrators and the respective domain experts, administrators of an organization can configure and tailor Plugins to their specific requirements.

NOTE: The UI also provides a preliminary catalog of Plugins under Organization> Plugin> Add Plugin.

1. Run the following command to see all available PluginDefinitions.

   $ kubectl get plugindefinition
   
   NAME                      VERSION   DESCRIPTION                                                                                                  AGE
   cert-manager              1.1.0     Automated certificate management in Kubernetes                                                               182d
   digicert-issuer           1.2.0     Extensions to the cert-manager for DigiCert support                                                          182d
   disco                     1.0.0     Automated DNS management using the Designate Ingress CNAME operator (DISCO)                                  179d
   doop                      1.0.0     Holistic overview on Gatekeeper policies and violations                                                      177d
   external-dns              1.0.0     The kubernetes-sigs/external-dns plugin.                                                                     186d
   heureka                   1.0.0     Plugin for Heureka, the patch management system.                                                             177d
   ingress-nginx             1.1.0     Ingress NGINX controller                                                                                     187d
   kube-monitoring           1.0.1     Kubernetes native deployment and management of Prometheus, Alertmanager and related monitoring components.   51d
   prometheus-alertmanager   1.0.0     Prometheus alertmanager                                                                                      60d
   supernova                 1.0.0     Supernova, the holistic alert management UI                                                                  187d
   teams2slack               1.1.0     Manage Slack handles and channels based on Greenhouse teams and their members                                115d
   

4 - Team management

A team is a group of users with shared responsibilities for managing and operating cloud resources within a Greenhouse organization.
These teams enable efficient collaboration, access control, and task assignment, allowing organizations to effectively organize their users and streamline cloud operations within the Greenhouse platform.

This section provides guides for the management of teams within an organization.

4.1 - Role-based access control

Contents

• Before you begin
• Greenhouse Team RBAC user guide
• Overview
• Defining TeamRoles
  • Example
• Seeded default TeamRoles
• Defining TeamRoleBindings
  • Assigning TeamRoles to Teams on a single Cluster
  • Assigning TeamRoles to Teams on multiple Clusters
  • Aggregating TeamRoles

Before you begin

This guide describes how to manage roles and permissions in Greenhouse with the help of TeamRoles and TeamRoleBindings.

While all members of an organization can see the permissions configured with TeamRoles & TeamRoleBindings, configuration of these requires OrganizationAdmin privileges.

Greenhouse Team RBAC user guide

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in Greenhouse allows organization administrators to regulate access to Kubernetes resources in onboarded Clusters based on the roles of individual users within an Organization. Within Greenhouse the RBAC on remote Clusters is managed using TeamRole and TeamRoleBinding. These two Custom Resource Defintions allow for fine-grained control over the permissions of each Team within each Cluster and Namespace.

Overview

• TeamRole: Defines a set of permissions that can be assigned to teams.
• TeamRoleBinding: Assigns a TeamRole to a specific Team for certain Clusters and (optionally) Namespaces.

Defining TeamRoles

TeamRoles define what actions a team can perform within the Kubernetes cluster. Common roles including the below cluster-admin are pre-defined within each organization.

Example

This TeamRole named pod-read grants read access to Pods.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRole
metadata:
  name: pod-read
spec:
  rules:
    - apiGroups:
        - ""
      resources:
        - "pods"
      verbs:
        - "get"
        - "list"

Seeded default TeamRoles

Greenhouse provides a set of default TeamRoles that are seeded to all clusters:

Defining TeamRoleBindings

TeamRoleBindings define the permissions of a Greenhouse Team within Clusters by linking to a specific TeamRole. TeamRoleBindings have a simple specification that links a Team, a TeamRole, one or more Clusters and optionally one or more Namespaces together. Once the TeamRoleBinding is created, the Team will have the permissions defined in the TeamRole within the specified Clusters and Namespaces. This allows for fine-grained control over the permissions of each Team within each Cluster. The TeamRoleBinding Controller within Greenhouse deploys rbacv1 resources to the targeted Clusters. The referenced TeamRole is created as a rbacv1.ClusterRole. In case the TeamRoleBinding references a Namespace, the Controller will create a rbacv1.RoleBinding which links the Team with the rbacv1.ClusterRole. In case no Namespace is referenced, the Controller will create a rbacv1.ClusterRoleBinding instead.

Assigning TeamRoles to Teams on a single Cluster

Roles are assigned to teams through the TeamRoleBinding configuration, which links teams to their respective roles within specific clusters.

This TeamRoleBinding assigns the pod-read TeamRole to the Team named my-team in the Cluster named my-cluster.

Example: team-rolebindings.yaml

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: my-team-read-access
spec:
  teamRef: my-team
  roleRef: pod-read
  clusterName: my-cluster

Assigning TeamRoles to Teams on multiple Clusters

It is also possible to use a LabelSelector to assign TeamRoleBindings to multiple Clusters at once.

This TeamRoleBinding assigns the pod-read TeamRole to the Team named my-team in all Clusters with the label environment: production.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: production-cluster-admins
spec:
  teamRef: my-team
  roleRef: pod-read
  clusterSelector:
    matchLabels:
      environment: production

Aggregating TeamRoles

It is possible with RBAC to aggregate rbacv1.ClusterRoles. This is also supported for TeamRoles. By specifying .spec.Labels on a TeamRole the resulting ClusterRole on the target cluster will have the same labels set. Then it is possible to aggregate multiple ClusterRole resources by using a rbacv1.AggregationRule. This can be specified on a TeamRole by setting .spec.aggregationRule.

More details on the concept of Aggregated ClusterRoles can be found in the Kubernetes documentation: Aggregated ClusterRoles

[!NOTE] A TeamRole is only created on a cluster if it is referenced by a TeamRoleBinding. If a TeamRole is not referenced by a TeamRoleBinding it will not be created on any target cluster. A TeamRoleBinding referencing a TeamRole with an aggregationRule will only provide the correct access, if there is at least one TeamRoleBinding referencing a TeamRole with the corresponding label deployed to the same cluster.

The following example shows how an AggregationRule can be used with TeamRoles and TeamRoleBindings.

This TeamRole specifies .spec.Labels. The labels will be applied to the resulting ClusterRole on the target cluster.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRole
metadata:
  name: pod-read
spec:
  labels:
    aggregate: "true"
  rules:
    - apiGroups:
        - ""
      resources:
        - "pods"
      verbs:
        - "get"
        - "list"

This TeamRoleBinding assigns the pod-read TeamRole to the Team named my-team in all Clusters with the label environment: production.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: production-pod-read
spec:
  teamRef: my-team
  roleRef: pod-read
  clusterSelector:
    matchLabels:
      environment: production

This creates another TeamRole and TeamRoleBinding including the same labels as above.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRole
metadata:
  name: pod-edit
spec:
  labels:
    aggregate: "true"
  rules:
    - apiGroups:
        - ""
      resources:
        - "pod"
      verbs:
        - "update"
        - "patch"
---
apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: production-pod-edit
spec:
  teamRef: my-team
  roleRef: pod-edit
  clusterSelector:
    matchLabels:
      environment: production

This TeamRole has an aggregationRule set. This aggregationRule will be added to the ClusterRole created on the target clusters. With the aggregationRule set it will aggregate the ClusterRoles created by the TeamRoles with the label aggregate: "true". The team will have the permissions of both TeamRoles and will be able to get, list, update and patch Pods.

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRole
metadata:
  name: aggregated-role
spec:
  aggregationRule:
    clusterRoleSelectors:
    - matchLabels:
        "aggregate": "true"

apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
kind: TeamRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: aggregated-rolebinding
spec:
  teamRef: operators
  roleRef: aggregated-role
  clusterSelector:
    matchLabels:
      environment: production

Updating TeamRoleBindings

Updating the RoleRef of a ClusterRoleBinding and RoleBinding is not allowed, but requires recreating the binding resources. See ClusterRoleBinding docs for more information. This is to allow giving out permissions to update the subjects, while avoiding that privileges are changed. Furthermore, changing the role can change the extent of a binding significantly. Therefore it needs to be recreated.

After the TeamRoleBinding has been created, it can be updated with some limitations. Similarly to RoleBindings, the RoleRef and TeamRef may not be changed. Validation webhook denies that. The TeamRoleBinding’s Namespaces may be changed for the bindings to be applied to different namespaces. However, the scope of the TeamRoleBinding cannot be changed. That’s why if the TeamRoleBinding has been created with Namespaces specified, it is namespace-scoped, and cannot be changed to cluster-scoped by removing all namespaces from the list. Similarly with the cluster-scoped TeamRoleBinding, which created with empty Namespaces, cannot be changed to namespace-scoped by adding any namespaces to the list.

4.2 - Team creation

Before you begin

This guides describes how to create a team in your Greenhouse organization.

While all members of an organization can see existing teams, their management requires organization admin privileges.

Creating a team

The team resource is used to structure members of your organization and assign fine-grained access and permission levels.

Each Team must be backed by a group in the identity provider (IdP) of the Organization.

• IdP group should be set on the mappedIdPGroup field in Team configuration.
• This, along with SCIM API configured in the Organization, allows for synchronization of TeamMemberships with Greenhouse.

NOTE: The UI is currently in development. For now this guides describes the onboarding workflow via command line.

1. To onboard a new cluster provide the kubeconfig file with a static, short-lived token.
   It should look similar to this example:

   cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: greenhouse.sap/v1alpha1
      kind: Team
      metadata:
      name: <name>
      spec:
         description: My new team
         mappedIdPGroup: <IdP group name>
   EOF